“The Sun and HF Radio Propagation” by Ed, NZ1Q, presented at the Dec 1, 2023 SPARC meeting.

Ed first learned code in 1955 at age 8 from his dad, U.S. Navy, who sent code between ships via light and semaphore flags in the Pacific, during WWII. Ed's Elmer in 1961 was W2ADC John Rogers whose first call was 2ADC (27th ham in 2 land). Novice license granted in 1961 WV2TKE, general in 1962 WA2TKE, moved to 6 land, WA6YMC, then to 1 land N1GSW and finally extra class NZ1Q. He worked for 40 years in high-tech, electrical engineer (BSEE), semiconductor technology, digital communications, management (MBA), and now a free-loader. Ed is a member of ARRL, Florida Contest Group, Florida AM Group, a past member of Yankee Clipper Contest Club, a member of White Mountains Amateur Radio Club (NH) and has confirmed 320 countries (DXCC entities). His ham family: Ed Sr - N2HWI [SK]; brother Paul - N5MAB; BFF Mike - WA2WHI [sk - died in the north tower on 9-11-2001]. Ed has survived 7 Solar Cycles while completing 76 orbits around the Solar System.